Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

I. Fluid and Electrolyte and Acid – Base Balance

1. Approximately 60% of the weight of a typical adult consists of fluid. Body fluid is located in two fluid compartments namely what?
a. Intracellular and intravascular
b. Extracellular and intracellular
c. Intracellular and interstitial
d. Extravascular and intracellular

2. When two different solutions are separated by a membrane that is impermeable to the dissolved substances, fluid shifts through the membrane from the region of low solute concentration to the region of high solute concentration until the solutions are of equal concentration. This diffusion of water caused by a fluid concentration gradient is known as what?
a. Diffusion
b. Filtration
c. Osmosis
d. Active Transportation

3. Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries tends to filter fluid out of the intravascular compartment into the interstitial fluid. Movement of water and solutes occurs from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure is known as what?
a. Diffusion
b. Filtration
c. Osmosis
d. Active Transport

4. A patient presented the following signs and symptoms: confusion, muscle cramps and weakness,  dry skin, ↑pulse,  ↓ BP. The patient’s lab result shows ↓ serum and urine sodium and  ↓ urine specific gravity. The doctor told you that the patient is exhibiting hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is having a serum sodium below what? (Smeltzer 2012)
a. 145 mEq/L
b. 108 mEq/L
c. 96.5 mEq/L
d. 135 mEq/L

5. A patient with congestive heart failure is given oral potassium supplements to avoid digoxin toxicity. As a nurse you are aware that the normal serum level for potassium is what? (Smeltzer 2012)
a. 135-145 mEq/L
b. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
c. 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
d. 1.8-2.7 mg/dL

Evaluate the following arterial blood gas values

6. pH: 7.5   PaCO2: 31   HCO3 : 26

7. pH: 7.38  PaCO2: 32  HCO3: 19

8. pH: 7.24  PaCO2: 60  HCO3: 32

9. pH: 7.41  PaCO2: 30  HCO3 18

10. pH: 7.5  PaCO2: 42  HCO3: 33

II. Respiratory System

11. Resting respiration is the result of cyclic excitation of the respiratory muscles by the phrenic nerve. The rhythm of breathing is controlled by respiratory centers in the brain. The inspiratory and expiratory center is located in the?
a. Medulla Oblongata
b. Hypothalamus
c. Pons
d. Cerebellum

12. The _____ center in the lower pons stimulates the inspiratory medullary center to promote deep, prolonged inspirations.
a. Pneumotaxic
b. Apneustic
c. Chemotaxic
d. Physiotaxic

13. A term that correspond the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath.
a. Residual Volume
b. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
c. Expiratory Reserve Volume
d. Tidal Volume
14. It is the volume of air in the lungs after maximum inhalation
a. Vital Capacity
b. Inspiratory Capacity
c. Functional Residual Capacity
d. Total Lung Capacity

15. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration .
a. Vital Capacity
b. Inspiratory Capacity
c. Functional Residual Capacity
d. Total Lung Capacity

III.  Cardiovascular System

16. It is the ability of the heart to initiate electrical impulse.
a. Excitability
b. Automaticity
c. Conductivity
d. Permeability

17. It is called as the primary pace maker of the heart which fires 60 to 100 impulse per minute
a. SA Node
b. AV Node
c. Bundle of His
d. Purkinje Fibers

18. The ___  coordinates the incoming electrical impulses from the atria and after a slight delay, allowing the atria time to contract and complete ventricular filling then relays the impulse to the ventricles.
a. SA Node
b. AV Node
c. Bundle of His
d. Purkinje Fibers

19. This heart sound is created by the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valve
a. S1
b. S2
c. S3
d. S4

20. This heart sound is created b the closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves
a. S1
b. S2
c. S3
d. S4